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HashiCorp Certified: Vault Associate (003)Exam Sample Questions (Q130-Q135):

NEW QUESTION # 130
True or False? Performing a rekey operation using the vault operator rekey command creates new unseal
/recovery keys as well as a new root key?

A. False
B. True

Answer: A

Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:
False. The vault operator rekey command updates unseal/recovery keys, not the master key (often confused with "root key"). The Vault documentation states:
"The operator rekey command generates a new set of unseal keys. This can optionally change thetotal number of key shares or the required threshold of those key shares to reconstruct the master key. This operation is zero downtime, but it requires that Vault is unsealed and a quorum of existing unseal keys are provided."
-Vault Commands: operator rekey
* B: Correct. Only unseal keys are recreated:
"When performing a rekey operation using the vault operator rekey command, new unseal/recovery keys are generated, but the root key remains the same."
-Vault Commands: operator rekey
* A: Incorrect; the master key persists.
References:
Vault Commands: operator rekey

NEW QUESTION # 131
From the options below, select the benefits of using the PKI (x.509 certificates) secrets engine (select three):

A. Vault can act as an intermediate CA
B. Reducing, or eliminating certificate revocations
C. TTLs on Vault certs are longer to ensure certificates are valid for a longer period of time
D. Reduces time to get a certificate by eliminating the need to generate a private key and CSR

Answer: A,B,D

Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed in Depth Explanation:
ThePKI secrets enginein Vault generates dynamic X.509 certificates, acting as a certificate authority (CA) to streamline certificate management. Let's assess each option based on its documented benefits:
* Option A: TTLs on Vault certs are longer to ensure certificates are valid for a longer period of timeThis is misleading. Vault's PKI engine allows configurable TTLs, but the recommendation is for short TTLs(e.g., hours or days) to reduce the need for revocation and enhance security. Long TTLs increase exposure if a certificate is compromised, requiring revocation and larger Certificate Revocation Lists (CRLs). The engine's benefit isn't longer validity-it's flexibility and automation, not extended lifetimes. Incorrect.Vault Docs Insight:"By keeping TTLs relatively short, revocations are less likely... helping scale to large workloads." (Short TTLs are preferred.)
* Option B: Reducing, or eliminating certificate revocationsA key advantage of the PKI engine is issuing short-lived certificates. With short TTLs (e.g., 24h), certificates expire naturally before revocation is needed, minimizing CRL maintenance. For example, an app can fetch a new cert daily, reducing revocation events compared to traditional multi-year certs. This aligns with Vault's ephemeral certificate model. Correct.Vault Docs Insight:"By keeping TTLs relatively short, revocations are less likely to be needed, keeping CRLs short..." (Direct benefit.)
* Option C: Reduces time to get a certificate by eliminating the need to generate a private key and CSRTraditionally, obtaining a certificate involves generating a private key, creating a Certificate Signing Request (CSR), and submitting it to a CA-a manual, time-consuming process. The PKI engine automates this: vault write pki/issue/my-role common_name=app.example.com instantly generates a private key and signed certificate. This eliminates manual steps, speeding up issuance significantly. Correct.Vault Docs Insight:"Services can get certificates without... generating a private key andCSR, submitting to a CA, and waiting..." (Automation reduces time.)
* Option D: Vault can act as an intermediate CAThe PKI engine can be configured as an intermediate CA, signed by a root CA (internal or external). For example, vault write pki/intermediate/generate
/internal common_name="Intermediate CA" creates an intermediate, which can issue certificates under a trust chain. This supports hierarchical PKI setups, a major feature. Correct.Vault Docs Insight:"The PKI secrets engine can act as an intermediate CA... issuing certificates on behalf of a root CA." (Explicit capability.) Detailed Mechanics:
The PKI engine operates at paths like pki/ (root) or pki_int/ (intermediate). Roles (e.g., my-role) define parameters like TTL and allowed domains. Issuing a cert (vault write pki/issue/my-role...) returns a JSON payload with certificate, private_key, and issuing_ca. Short TTLs leverage Vault's lease system, auto- revoking certs on expiry. As an intermediate CA, it signs certificates with its key, validated against a root, enhancing trust management.
Real-World Example:
An app needs a cert: vault write pki/issue/web common_name=web.example.com ttl=24h. Vault returns a cert and key instantly, valid for 24 hours. No CSR, no revocation needed-expires tomorrow. Another PKI mount at pki_int/ issues certs under a corporate root CA.
Overall Explanation from Vault Docs:
"The PKI secrets engine generates dynamic X.509 certificates... Services can get certificates without the usual manual process... By keeping TTLs short, revocations are less likely... Vault can act as an intermediate CA, issuing certificates efficiently." These benefits-automation, reduced revocation, and CA flexibility- define its value.
Reference:https://developer.hashicorp.com/vault/docs/secrets/pki

NEW QUESTION # 132
To give a role the ability to display or output all of the end points under the /secrets/apps/* end point it would need to have which capability set?

A. read
B. update
C. sudo
D. None of the above
E. list

Answer: C

Explanation:
To give a role the ability to display or output all of the end points under the /secrets/apps/* end point, it would need to have the list capability set. The list capability allows a role to perform any operation on any path in Vault, including reading, writing, deleting, and listing. The list capability is required for roles that need to access sensitive data or perform administrative tasks in Vault. The other capabilities are not relevant for this scenario, as they only allow specific operations on specific paths or secrets engines. References: Policies | Vault | HashiCorp Developer, token capabilities - Command | Vault | HashiCorp Developer

NEW QUESTION # 133
Which of the following storage backends support high availability? (Select four)

A. In-Memory
B. Amazon S3
C. DynamoDB
D. Integrated Storage (raft)
E. Consul
F. etcd

Answer: C,D,E,F

Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:
Vault supports various storage backends, but only some are designed to providehigh availability (HA), ensuring data consistency and fault tolerance across multiple nodes. The four backends that support HA are:
* A. Consul: Consul uses a distributed key-value store with a consensus protocol, enabling HA by replicating data across nodes. The documentation notes: "Consul's distributed nature and fault-tolerant design make it a suitable option for ensuring high availability in Vault deployments."
* B. etcd: etcd employs the Raft consensus algorithm for distributed coordination, ensuring data consistency and availability. It's explicitly supported for HA in Vault: "etcd's design ensures data consistency and fault tolerance."
* C. DynamoDB: Amazon's managed NoSQL service, DynamoDB, offers replication and fault tolerance, making it HA-capable. Vault leverages these features: "DynamoDB's replication and fault tolerance mechanisms make it a robust choice."
* D. Integrated Storage (raft): Vault's built-in storage backend uses the Raft consensus algorithm, providing HA without external dependencies. "Integrated Storage (raft) supports high availability by ensuring data consistency and fault tolerance."
* Incorrect Options:
* E. Amazon S3: While S3 offers durability, it's an object store not optimized for HA in Vault's context due to latency and lack of native consensus. "It may not be the best choice for ensuring high availability of Vault data."
* F. In-Memory: This stores data in volatile memory, losing it on restart, and does not support HA.
"In-Memory storage backend does not support high availability as it is volatile." These HA-capable backends ensure Vault remains operational and consistent in multi-node setups.
Reference:https://developer.hashicorp.com/vault/docs/configuration/storage

NEW QUESTION # 134
An organization would like to use a scheduler to track & revoke access granted to a job (by Vault) at completion. What auth-associated Vault object should be tracked to enable this behavior?

A. Token ID
B. Lease ID
C. Authentication method
D. Token accessor

Answer: B

Explanation:
A lease ID is a unique identifier that is assigned by Vault to every dynamic secret and service type authentication token. A lease ID contains information such as the secret path, the secret version, the secret type, etc. A lease ID can be used to track and revoke access granted to a job by Vault at completion, as it allows the scheduler to perform the following operations:
* Lookup the lease information by using the vault lease lookup command or the sys/leases/lookup API endpoint. This will return the metadata of the lease, such as the expire time, the issue time, the renewable status, and the TTL.
* Renew the lease if needed by using the vault lease renew command or the sys/leases/renew API endpoint. This will extend the validity of the secret or the token for a specified increment, or reset the TTL to the original value if no increment is given.
* Revoke the lease when the job is completed by using the vault lease revoke command or the sys/leases
/revoke API endpoint. This will invalidate the secret or the token immediately and prevent any further renewals. For example, with the AWS secrets engine, the access keys will be deleted from AWS the moment a lease is revoked.
A lease ID is different from a token ID or a token accessor. A token ID is the actual value of the token that is used to authenticate to Vault and perform requests. A token ID should be treated as a secret and protected from unauthorized access. A token accessor is a secondary identifier of the token that is used for token management without revealing the token ID. A token accessor can be used to lookup, renew, or revoke a token, but not to authenticate to Vault or access secrets. A token ID or a token accessor can be used to revoke the token itself, but not the leases associated with the token. To revoke the leases,a lease ID is required.
An authentication method is a way to verify the identity of a user or a machine and issue a token with appropriate policies and metadata. An authentication method is not an object that can be tracked or revoked, but a configuration that can be enabled, disabled, tuned, or customized by using the vault auth commands or the sys/auth API endpoints.: (https://developer.hashicorp.com/vault/docs/commands/lease/lookup), (https://developer.hashicorp.com/vault
/docs/commands/lease/renew), (https://developer.hashicorp.com/vault/docs/commands/lease/revoke), (https://developer.hashicorp.com/vault/docs/concepts/tokens#token-accessors), (https://developer.hashicorp.
com/vault/docs/concepts/auth)

NEW QUESTION # 135
......

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